| Contributors |
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XV | |
| 1. Evolution of transsphenoidal surgery (P. Cappabianca, O. de Divitiis, F. Maiuri) |
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1 | (8) |
| 2. The endoscope, endoscopic equipment and instrumentation (M. Leonhard, P. Cappabianca, E. de Divitiis) |
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9 | (12) |
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9 | (3) |
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2.1.1 History and principles of physics |
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9 | (1) |
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2.1.2 Historical developments of the endoscope |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (5) |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (1) |
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2.3 Surgical instruments for endoscopic endonasal pituitary surgery |
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17 | (4) |
| 3. Endoscopic anatomy along the transnasal approach to the pituitary gland and the surrounding structures (M. Tschabitscher, R. J. Galzio) |
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21 | (20) |
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21 | (3) |
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21 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Bony skeleton of the nasal cavity |
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21 | (1) |
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3.1.3 Lining of the nasal cavity |
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22 | (1) |
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3.1.4 Vessels and nerves of the nasal cavity |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (3) |
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3.2.1 How to reach the opening of the sphenoid sinus |
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27 | (1) |
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3.3 Ethmoid labyrinth (complex) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (7) |
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34 | (4) |
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38 | (1) |
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3.7 Retrosellär - retroclival region |
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38 | (3) |
| 4. The role of the endocrinologist (A. Colao, G. Lombardi) |
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41 | (20) |
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4.1 PRL-secreting pituitary adenomas: is there still a role for neurosurgery? |
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41 | (3) |
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4.2 GH-secreting pituitary adenomas: the dilemma on the primary therapy |
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44 | (4) |
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4.3 TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas: the usefulness of somatostatin analog therapy |
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48 | (1) |
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4.4 ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas: a challenge for neurosurgeons, endocrinologists and radiotherapists |
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48 | (2) |
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4.5 Clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas: is there any new on pharmacotherapy? |
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50 | (11) |
| 5. The role of the neuroradiologist (F. Caranci, F. Briganti, S. Cirillo, R. Elefante) |
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61 | (22) |
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5.1 Identification of the lesion |
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61 | (13) |
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5.1.1 Pituitary microadenomas |
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61 | (3) |
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5.1.2 Pituitary macroadenomas |
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64 | (4) |
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68 | (1) |
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5.1.4 Pituitary inflammatory diseases |
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68 | (1) |
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5.1.5 Pituitary metastases |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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5.1.9 Chiasmatic and hypothalamic gliomas |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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5.1.11 Tuber cinereum hamartomas |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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5.1.13 Neurinomas of the trigeminal nerve |
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73 | (1) |
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5.2 Follow-up after medical therapy |
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74 | (2) |
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5.3 Pre-surgical planning |
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76 | (3) |
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5.4 Post-surgical follow-up |
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79 | (4) |
| 6. The role of the ophthalmologist (R. Fusco, G. Cennamo, G. Bonavolontā) |
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83 | (8) |
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83 | (2) |
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6.2 Reduced visual acuity |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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6.5 Eye motility impairment |
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86 | (5) |
| 7. Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to the sellar region (E. de Divitiis, P. Cappabianca, L. M. Cavallo) |
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91 | (40) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (3) |
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95 | (23) |
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7.4.1 Basic concepts of the endoscopic technique |
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95 | (4) |
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99 | (1) |
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7.4.3 The sphenoidal phase |
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100 | (5) |
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105 | (9) |
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7.4.5 Variations of the endoscopic transsphenoidal approach |
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114 | (4) |
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7.5 Results & complications |
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118 | (5) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (3) |
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7.6 Advantages & problems of the endoscopic technique |
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123 | (8) |
| 8. The role of the anesthesiologist (T. Cafiero) |
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131 | (6) |
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8.1 Anesthetic management, patient positioning and operating room set-up |
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131 | (6) |
| 9. Extended endoscopic approaches to the skull base |
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137 | (52) |
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9.1 Anterior Cranial Base CSF leaks (P. Castelnuovo, D. Locatelli, S. Mauri, F. De Bernardi) |
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137 | (22) |
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9.1.1 Possibilities and limitations of the intranasal endoscopic technique in relation to the topographic leak positions |
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137 | (3) |
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9.1.2 Possibilities and limitations of the intranasal endoscopic technique in relation to the leak etiology |
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140 | (9) |
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9.1.3 Diagnostic approach |
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149 | (2) |
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151 | (4) |
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9.1.5 Personal experience |
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155 | (4) |
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9.2 Approach to the cavernous sinus (G. Frank, E. Pasquini) |
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159 | (17) |
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160 | (1) |
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9.2.2 Pre and postoperative assessment |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (8) |
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9.2.4 Wider surgical approaches |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (5) |
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9.3 Extended endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approaches to the suprasellar region, planum sphenoidale & clivus (P. Cappabianca, G. Frank, E. Pasquini, O. de Divitiis, F. Calbucci) |
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176 | (13) |
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9.3.1 Extended approach to the suprasellar region and planum sphenoidale |
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176 | (6) |
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9.3.2 Extended approach to the clivus |
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182 | (7) |
| 10. The role of the neuropathologist (M. Del Basso De Caro, G. Pettinato) |
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189 | (6) |
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10.1 Intraoperative consultation |
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189 | (1) |
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10.2 Histology and immunohistochemistry |
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190 | (2) |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (2) |
| 11. Conclusions (E. de Divitiis, P. Cappabianca) |
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195 | |
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