did-you-know? rent-now

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

did-you-know? rent-now

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

We're the #1 textbook rental company. Let us show you why.

9780521618083

Migration and Refugee Law: Principles and Practice in Australia

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780521618083

  • ISBN10:

    0521618088

  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2005-07-11
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press
  • Purchase Benefits
  • Free Shipping Icon Free Shipping On Orders Over $35!
    Your order must be $35 or more to qualify for free economy shipping. Bulk sales, PO's, Marketplace items, eBooks and apparel do not qualify for this offer.
  • eCampus.com Logo Get Rewarded for Ordering Your Textbooks! Enroll Now
  • Write a Review Icon Write a Review
List Price: $113.00

Summary

Fundamentally concerned with the choices that a nation makes regarding the people to allow into its community and share its resources, this volume provides an overview of the legal principles governing the entry of people into Australia. As well as dealing with migration and refugee law today, the book analyzes the policy and moral considerations of this area of law, especially in relation to refugee law, which is one of the most divisive social issues of our time. It suggests proposals for change and how this area of law can be made more coherent and principled.

Table of Contents

Table of cases xiii
Table of statutes xviii
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxi
1 Historical context to migration
1(15)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Historical developments
2(11)
1.2.1 The period before 1778
2(1)
1.2.2 Early white settlement - the first wave
3(1)
1.2.3 The first colonial emigration programs
4(1)
1.2.4 The gold rushes and the second wave
4(2)
1.2.5 Self-government and the 'White Australia' policy
6(1)
1.2.6 After the gold rushes
7(1)
1.2.7 The Federation debates
8(1)
1.2.8 Federation and 'White Australia' legislation
9(1)
1.2.9 Empire-building - the post-World War I wave
10(1)
1.2.10 Post-World War II
11(1)
1.2.11 Dismantling the 'White Australia' policy
12(1)
1.3 The modern immigration debate
13(3)
2 Immigration control: an overview
16(7)
2.1 Constitutional foundations
16(4)
2.2 The control model
20(1)
2.3 The advent of current migration legislation
20(1)
2.4 The amended Migration Act and new Migration Regulations
21(2)
3 Basic migration legislation and policy
23(8)
3.1 The legislative framework and relationship between the Act and Regulations
23(2)
3.1.1 Entry, stay and departure
24(1)
3.1.2 The nature of a visa
24(1)
3.1.3 Circumstances and conditions of visa grants
24(1)
3.1.4 Controlling the numbers
25(1)
3.2 The structure of the Migration Regulations
25(2)
3.3 Visa class/visa subclass
27(1)
3.4 Gazette notices
28(1)
3.5 Ministerial policy and departmental policies and procedures
28(1)
3.6 How to locate visa criteria
29(2)
4 The visa system and application procedures
31(20)
4.1 Validity of visa applications
31(6)
4.2 Procedures for dealing with visa applications
37(1)
4.3 Restrictions on visa applications
38(5)
4.4 Family members
43(1)
4.5 Sponsorship and assurance of support
44(1)
4.5.1 Family sponsors and assurors
44(1)
4.5.2 Employer sponsors
45(1)
4.6 Special classes of person
45(1)
4.7 Third-party sources of decision-making power
46(1)
4.8 The DIMIA decision-making process
47(3)
4.9 Evidencing the visa
50(1)
5 Family and interdependency migration and other Australia-based visas
51(33)
5.1 Overview
51(1)
5.2 Sponsorship, assurances of support and bonds
52(2)
5.2.1 Sponsorship
52(2)
5.2.2 Assurances of support and bonds
54(1)
5.3 Spouse and Interdependency visas
54(11)
5.4 Other family visa categories
65(19)
5.4.1 Children
65(5)
5.4.1.1 Child (subclasses 101 and 802)
66(1)
5.4.1.2 Adoption (subclasses 102 and 802)
66(3)
5.4.1.3 Orphan relative (subclasses 117 and 837)
69(1)
5.4.2 Parents
70(3)
5.4.3 Aged dependent relatives (subclasses 114 and 838)
73(1)
5.4.4 Remaining relatives (subclasses 175 and 835)
73(4)
5.4.5 Carer (subclasses 116 and 836)
77(4)
5.4.6 Temporary visas for family members of Australian citizens or permanent residents, or eligible New Zealand citizens
81(3)
6 Business and investment visas
84(19)
6.1 Overview
84(1)
6.2 Business visa classes and subclasses
85(1)
6.3 Sponsorship
86(1)
6.4 Spouses
87(1)
6.5 Onshore applications
87(1)
6.6 Documentation
88(1)
6.7 Common criteria and definitions
88(10)
6.7.1 Age
89(1)
6.7.2 Business skills points test
89(1)
6.7.3 English language skills
89(1)
6.7.4 Acceptable business activities
90(1)
6.7.5 Overall successful business career
90(1)
6.7.6 Ownership interest in a qualifying business
91(3)
6.7.7 Main business
94(2)
6.7.8 Turnover
96(1)
6.7.9 Genuine and realistic commitment
97(1)
6.8 Criteria specific to particular visa subclasses
98(4)
6.8.1 Investment visas (subclasses 162 and 165)
98(1)
6.8.2 Established business (residence) visas (subclasses 845 and 846)
99(1)
6.8.3 Business owner (provisional) subclass 163
100(1)
6.8.4 Business skills (provisional) subclasses 161 (senior executive (provisional)) and 164 (state/territory sponsored senior executive (provisional))
101(1)
6.9 Public interest - health and character requirements
102(1)
7 Skill-based visas
103(17)
7.1 Overview
103(1)
7.2 Visas based on qualifications and/or occupational skills
103(7)
7.2.1 Offshore
106(2)
7.2.2 Onshore
108(2)
7.3 Temporary visas
110(2)
7.4 Visas based on employer nominations
112(3)
7.4.1 The Employer nomination scheme (ENS)
113(1)
7.4.2 The regional sponsored migration scheme (RSMS)
114(1)
7.5 Labour agreements
115(2)
7.6 Distinguished talent
117(3)
8 Temporary visas
120(19)
8.1 Overview
120(1)
8.2 Temporary workers
120(7)
8.2.1 Working Holiday (Temporary) (class TZ)
120(1)
8.2.2 Electronic Travel Authority (class UD)
121(1)
8.2.3 Temporary Business Entry (class UC)
122(3)
8.2.4 Short Stay Sponsored (Visitor) (Class UL)
125(1)
8.2.5 Medical Practitioner (Temporary) (class UE)
126(1)
8.2.6 Domestic Worker (Temporary) (class TG)
126(1)
8.3 Cultural/social (Temporary) (class TE)
127(5)
8.4 Educational (Temporary) (class TH)
132(2)
8.5 Student visas
134(2)
8.5.1 Student (Temporary) (class TU)
134(2)
8.6 Other temporary visas
136(3)
8.6.1 Retirement (Temporary) (class TQ)
137(2)
9 Miscellaneous visas
139(15)
9.1 Citizenship
139(1)
9.2 Absorbed person visa
140(1)
9.3 Visitors
141(1)
9.4 Bridging visas
142(4)
9.5 Resident return
146(2)
9.6 Other Australia-based visas
148(3)
9.6.1 Special eligibility
148(2)
9.6.2 Confirmatory (Residence) visa 808
150(1)
9.7 Emergency visas
151(1)
9.8 Other special visa categories
152(2)
10 Common visa requirements 154(8)
10.1 Overview
154(1)
10.2 Health
155(2)
10.3 Character
157(1)
10.4 Exclusion periods and re-entry bans
158(1)
10.5 Visa conditions
158(4)
11 Compliance: unlawful non-citizens, removal and deportation 162(10)
11.1 Unlawful non-citizens: an overview
162(1)
11.2 Becoming unlawful
163(5)
11.2.1 Overstayers
163(1)
11.2.2 Entry without authority
163(1)
11.2.3 Cancellation of visas
164(24)
11.2.3.1 Cancellation because of inaccurate information
165(1)
11.2.3.2 General cancellation power
165(1)
11.2.3.3 Cancellation of business visa
166(1)
11.2.3.4 (Automatic) cancellation of student visas
167(1)
11.2.3.5 Cancellation on the basis of bad character
167(1)
11.3 Options for unlawful non-citizens
168(2)
11.4 Consequences of being unlawful: removal and deportation
170(1)
11.5 Offences that can be committed by unlawful non-citizens
171(1)
12 History of the Refugees Convention and definitional framework 172(6)
12.1 History of the Convention
172(4)
12.2 The four elements
176(1)
12.3 Protection not a key element: it is external not internal
176(2)
13 Refugee and humanitarian visas: the statutory structure 178(12)
13.1 Overview
178(1)
13.2 Onshore applications
179(4)
13.3 Offshore applications
183(5)
13.4 General Provisions
188(2)
13.4.1 Review
188(1)
13.4.2 Health
188(1)
13.4.3 Public interest
188(1)
13.4.4 National interest
189(1)
14 Convention grounds 190(30)
14.1 Overview of Grounds
190(2)
14.2 Race
192(2)
14.3 Nationality
194(2)
14.4 Religion
196(3)
14.5 Political opinion
199(7)
14.5.1 Political opinion generally interpreted broadly
200(1)
14.5.2 Political opinion must be known or imputed by the persecutor
201(2)
14.5.3 Political opinion need not be expressed
203(1)
14.5.4 What if the applicant can avoid coming to notice of authorities?
203(2)
14.5.5 Forms of political opinion
205(1)
14.6 Particular social group
206(14)
14.6.1 Formal test
206(3)
14.6.2 Difficulties in practical application of the test
209(6)
14.6.2.1 Infinite number of personal traits
209(1)
14.6.2.2 Group description is context sensitive
210(1)
14.6.2.3 Persecution and group selection
210(1)
14.6.2.4 The history of drafting the Convention is not a useful guide to identifying a particular social group
211(1)
14.6.2.5 In principle guidance can be sought from the humanitarian underpinning of the Convention
211(1)
14.6.2.6 A humanitarian approach supports an expansive definition of 'particular social group'
212(1)
14.6.2.7 Gaining insight into application by looking at previous paradigm examples of limited utility
213(1)
14.6.2.8 Matters that assist in identifying a particular social group
213(1)
14.6.2.9 Nonchalance and dispassion do not lead to differentiation
213(2)
14.6.3 How to spot a particular social group, applying the existing law - a summary
215(1)
14.6.4 Examples of particular social group claims
216(1)
14.6.5 Statutory change to family as a particular social group
217(3)
5 Persecution 220(34)
15.1 Overview of persecution
220(1)
15.2 Overview of relevant statutory principles
221(1)
15.3 Serious harm
221(9)
15.3.1 Overview of legislation
221(1)
15.3.2 Case law prior to statutory changes
222(3)
15.3.3 Likely meaning to be given to serious harm: an examination of statute in light of case law
225(5)
15.3.3.1 Ample scope of divergent judicial interpretations of serious harm
225(3)
15.3.3.2 Towards a narrow meaning of serious harm
228(1)
15.3.3.3 Refugee realities - no appetite for uninvited arrivals
228(1)
15.3.3.4 The flourishing versus subsistence dichotomy
229(1)
15.4 Other elements of persecution: the nexus between the grounds and the serious harm
230(24)
15.4.1 Overview of nexus
230(1)
15.4.2 Nexus elements of discrimination, systematic conduct, motivation and causation
230(4)
15.4.2.1 Discrimination
230(1)
15.4.2.2 Element of motivation
231(1)
15.4.2.3 Systematic conduct
232(1)
15.4.2.4 Causation
233(1)
15.4.3 Prosecution and persecution distinction
234(8)
15.4.3.1 States have unlimited power to prosecute citizens
234(2)
15.4.3.2 Overlaps and tension: prosecution and persecution
236(1)
15.4.3.3 What is a law of general application?
237(1)
15.4.3.4 General laws not persecutory
238(1)
15.4.3.5 Selective enforcement of a law of general application
239(1)
15.4.3.6 The legitimate objective and appropriate and adapted test
240(2)
15.4.4 Unsatisfactory state of existing law regarding nexus elements
242(1)
15.4.5 A new unifying understanding: discrimination as the touchstone where persecution stems from the operation or application of a law
243(7)
15.4.5.1 The nature of discrimination
243(3)
15.4.5.2 Statement of the new test for the requisite nexus between the grounds and the harm
246(1)
15.4.5.3 The notion of a relevant difference
246(1)
15.4.5.4 The legitimate objective and appropriate and adapted test as a synonym for relevant difference
247(3)
15.4.6 A new test or unification of previous principles?
250(1)
15.4.7 Relevance of proposed test where persecutory conduct is not pursuant to legal standard
251(1)
15.4.8 Non-state agents: failure of state protection
251(2)
15.4.9 Personal responsibility to avoid persecution
253(1)
16 Well-founded fear of persecution 254(9)
16.1 Overview
254(1)
16.2 The subjective element
254(1)
16.3 The objective element
255(1)
16.4 Fear must be objective and subjective
256(1)
16.5 The relevant time at which risk is assessed and relevance of past events and sur place claims
257(3)
16.6 Relocation
260(3)
17 Limits on protection of refugees - cessation, exclusion exceptions and protection by another country 263(37)
17.1 Overview of exclusion, cessation and exceptions
263(1)
17.2 Cessation: article 1C
264(6)
17.2.1 Articles 1C(1)-(4) voluntary actions by refugee
265(1)
17.2.2 Articles 1C(5)-(6) changed country circumstances
266(6)
17.2.2.1 Change must be material/substantial and not transient
266(1)
17.2.2.2 'Circumstance' not to be interpreted narrowly
267(3)
17.3 Article 1D
270(1)
17.4 Article 1E
271(1)
17.5 Article 1F
272(21)
17.5.1 Overview of article 1F
272(1)
17.5.2 Article 1F(a) - crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity
273(6)
17.5.2.1 Crimes against peace
273(1)
17.5.2.2 War crimes
274(4)
17.5.2.3 Crimes against humanity
278(1)
17.5.3 Article 1F(b) - serious non-political crimes
279(6)
17.5.3.1 When is a crime serious?
280(2)
17.5.3.2 Meaning of (serious) non-political crime
282(3)
17.5.4 Article 1F(c): acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations
285(2)
17.5.5 Evidential issues and the scope of individual liability
287(2)
17.5.6 Analysis of Article 1F
289(1)
17.5.7 Expulsion: articles 32 and 33
290(3)
17.6 Country of reference and effective protection in another country
293(1)
17.7 Third country (or effective) protection
294(6)
17.7.1 Common law
295(2)
17.7.2 Statute
297(3)
18 Time for a fundamental re-think: need as the criterion for assistance 300(21)
18.1 Overview: time to stop paying homage to the Convention and to fix it
300(5)
18.1.1 Refugee law - not humanitarian law - is the appropriate vehicle for change
301(1)
18.1.2 The implications of finite international compassion - proper targeting of refugees critical
302(2)
18.1.3 History of Convention inevitably resulted in flawed definition
304(1)
18.2 The problem with the Convention Grounds
305(1)
18.3 An alternative definition
306(11)
18.3.1 Universal moral standards should underpin the new definition
306(1)
18.3.1.1 Overview of moral theory
306(1)
18.3.1.2 New approach not contingent on acceptance of particular moral theory
307(1)
18.3.2 Deontological rights-based theories underpinning the new definition
307(4)
18.3.2.1 The influence of rights-based theories
307(2)
18.3.2.2 The absence of a foundation of rights
309(1)
18.3.2.3 Explanation for the appeal of rights-based theories
310(1)
18.3.3 Consequentialist underpinning to new definition - the preferred approach
311(4)
18.3.3.1 Interlude - criticisms of utilitarianism
312(1)
18.3.3.2 Horror scenarios not that bad
313(1)
18.3.3.3 Utilitarian rights
313(2)
18.3.4 Ramifications for a new definition
315(2)
18.3.4.1 Repeal of grounds
315(1)
18.3.4.2 Hierarchy of human interests - life and liberty as fundamental
315(1)
18.3.4.3 Where to draw the line?
316(1)
18.4 The preferred definition
317(1)
18.4.1 Proposed definition
317(1)
18.4.2 The concept of persecution is made (effectively) redundant
317(1)
18.5 Concluding remarks
318(3)
18.5.1 Practical obstacles to reform
318(1)
18.5.2 The proposed definition is not a complete solution
319(2)
19 The determination and review process for migration and refugee decisions 321(10)
19.1 Merits review
321(1)
19.2 Decisions reviewable by the MRT, RRT and AAT
321(1)
19.3 Judicial review
322(1)
19.4 Original jurisdiction of the High Court
323(1)
19.5 Background to enactment of privative clause
323(4)
19.6 Privative clause
327(1)
19.7 Ministerial intervention
328(1)
19.8 Commentary on current state of judicial review of migration and refugee decisions
329(2)
Index 331

Supplemental Materials

What is included with this book?

The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

Rewards Program